Pygmalion and Dollhouse Plays Essay Example

Pygmalion and Dollhouse Plays Essay Apart from being problem plays , Pygmalion and A Doll s house deal with the common theme of transformation of individuals . In Pygmalion, Shaw explores the idea that if a person is born in a low class and gets the opportunity to be trained in the ways of correct speech and manners then he or she can easily come to the social and intellectual level of the higher classes . He proves this by transforming Eliza Doolittle, a poor flower girl from the slums, to a sophisticated woman by changing her speech . Similarly ,Nora s transformation from her expected role of a doll to that of a woman who is conscious of her position within the family and her society is a fact that brings both plays in the same plane. In fact, Nora s transformed identity gave her the strength to question the notions of patriarchy. Nora and Eliza , both transform from an inanimate life to being involved in their own destiny, the former from the oppressions of her class and the latter from her life under patriarchy. The feminist concerns of both plays are evident in the characterizations of Eliza and Nora in their ability to question the injustices against them . Bernard Shaw believed that women were treated poorly in modern society and often he dealt with themes for womens rights . Ibsen s perspectives about women s position in the family and society are evident from A Doll s House . Though the theme of Pygmalion is different , Shaw has rendered Eliza a personality which allows her to stand on her own opinions and not dependent on anybody . We will write a custom essay sample on Pygmalion and Dollhouse Plays specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pygmalion and Dollhouse Plays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pygmalion and Dollhouse Plays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She is an earning woman and that had rendered her dignity and self respect . In conclusion while the cosmetic aspects of each play are different the deeper more lasting themes are very similar. Nora being a doll in her life transformed into a women who could question her place in society. While Eliza came from the lower classes and posed as a noble showing us that everyone is the same.

Ethical Dilemma in Healthcare Administration

Ethical Dilemma in Healthcare Administration Introduction Healthcare administration faces ethical dilemma in providing prime health services and maintaining the economic status of the healthcare system concurrently. The administration must stringently balance health services and economic issues that are intrinsic to the healthcare system. Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Ethical Dilemma in Healthcare Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hornbeak explains that, health care administrators have critical role â€Å"†¦in overseeing the moral conduct and missions of their institutions while at the same time maintaining the economic viability of those institutions, but these two major functions can clash and create dilemmas that complicate the practice of health administration† (2011, p. 1). The ethical issue regarding economic viability of health care institutions elicits ethical dilemma where two views arise. The first view questions how he alth care institutions can ethically concentrate the administrative functions on the issues of health only and remain economically viable and sustainable at the same time. The second view ethically doubts the administrative capacity to juggle both health care and economic issues, without compromising the primary role of offering quality health care in the society. Therefore, how does the health care administration resolve the ethical dilemma amidst demands of quality health care and economic constraints? Ethical dilemma Health care systems have a noble responsibility of ensuring that they provide quality health care services that are affordable and accessible to all people. Other responsibilities such as integration of business practices into the system seem to have encumbrance effect that would lead to compromised health care services. The integration of business practices into the health care system has elicited ethical concerns that have resulted into ethical dilemma in the adm inistrative responsibilities. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) â€Å"expanded its patient rights standards to include requirements for assuring that hospital business practices would be ethical in 1995† (Laura, Cherry, Darragh, 2009, p.1). JCAHO established ‘patient rights and organization ethics’ that classified two types of ethics involved in health care administration; clinical and business ethics. Clinical ethics govern the relationship between healthcare and patients while business ethics deal with the relationship between health care and its suppliers.Advertising Looking for article on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Currently, the health care system is struggling to resolve the ethical dilemma that threatens to stall provision of quality health services and sustainable utilization of health care resources. Ethical concerns root for the dist inction and separation of clinical ethics and business ethics in order to avoid complications of the responsibilities in the health care system. Laura, Cherry and Darragh argue that, â€Å"while marketing and admission practices are seen as issues related to ‘business’ they can lead to unneeded admissions or demand for unneeded services, both of which can unnecessarily expose the patient to the risk of side effects or complications† (2009, p. 2). Without clinical and business ethics to streamline the relationship between essential and non-essential health care services, the business aspect would take precedence since profits is the ultimate objective. On the other extreme, stringent clinical ethics may render health care system economically unviable resulting into poor healthcare services. Therefore, health care systems have great challenge of resolving the ethical dilemma that threatens the quality provision of services and sustainability of resources. Health Care Ethics Historically, healthcare system has been focusing on the clinical ethics while neglecting the importance of business ethics. By doing this, the healthcare system erred because â€Å"†¦it sought to deal with specific clinical ethical issues before assessing the ethical organization life and ethical infrastructure of the whole system which has affected the resolution of the ethical dilemma† (Silva, 1998, p.26). Clinical ethics govern the relationship between the healthcare system and the patient by ensuring that health professionals do not comprise the quality of health services that patients receive. According to healthcare professional ethics, the primary goal of any health institutions is provision of quality, affordable, and accessible health care services that improve health standards of the people. However, integration of business ethics into the healthcare system is a threat to clinical ethics. Although the primary goal of the health care system is pro vision of quality services, it is impossible to sustain the use of available resources without venturing into business. Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Ethical Dilemma in Healthcare Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Health institutions are in strategic position to conduct lucrative businesses aimed at improving the quality of services they offer to patients. Faced with this truth, healthcare administrators have a challenge of balancing the clinical and business ethics because there is tendency to neglect clinical ethics and concentrate on the business ethics. Healthcare institutions have become business oriented in the United States since â€Å"†¦health care organizational culture has shifted from a service oriented one to a monetary oriented one characterized by product lines, stocks, profits, competition, megamergers and, ultimately, survival† (Silva, 1998, p. 3). The survival of the health care system may entail increasing the costs of services, falsifying diagnoses, admitting or discharging patients unprofessionally with the prime objective of earning profits. Solution to Ethical Dilemma To address the ethical dilemma in the healthcare system involving clinical and business ethics, the administration should focus its attention on building cultural and ethical infrastructure to regulate all activities in a health organization. In addition, the administration should instill ethical principles to healthcare professionals at all levels of the organization through education and strong leadership that advocates for the postulated ethics. Silva argues that, â€Å"in any attempt to change the values of an organization †¦ the contents of the existing organizational culture must be dealt with directly for positive change to occur† (1998, p. 4). Therefore, the issue of clinical and business ethics calls for cultural and ethical infrastructure for it to hav e a lasting solution. The resolution of the ethical dilemma requires an overhaul of organizational culture and ethics. Change in cultural and ethical infrastructure is imperative as it provides professional environment where ethics guide all healthcare practices. Advertising Looking for article on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate leadership is not enough to transform cultural and ethical infrastructure because â€Å"not only the leaders but also the followers must ascribe to common, sound, and shared ethical values, just as unethical leadership can taint followers, morally tainted followers can impede or stop the goals of ethical leaders† (Laura, Cherry, Darragh, 2009, p. 7). Therefore, transformation of the cultural and ethical infrastructure needs concerted efforts of both the administrative and health professionals. Conclusion The ethical dilemma in the administration of healthcare system is affecting the delivery of quality services and sustainability of the health resources available. The healthcare system administrators face the challenge of striking a balance between clinical ethics that seek to provide standard services to the patients and business ethics that take care of the sustainability of health resources. Since both clinical and business ethics are critical in the healthcar e system, cultural and ethical infrastructure is essential for the resolution of the long-standing ethical dilemma and the realization of defined administrative roles. References Hornbeak, J. (2011). Health Administration Ethics. Spring Journal, 12, 1-10 Laura, J., Cherry, N., Darragh, M. (2009). Organizational Ethics and Health Care: Expanding Bioethics to the Institutional Arena. National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature, 9(5), 1-14. Silva, M. (1998). Organizational and Administrative Ethics in Health Care: An Ethics Gap. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16, 1-11.

How to Use Faire and Rendir in French

How to Use Faire and Rendir in French If youre making something and want to say so in French, which verb do you use, faire  or rendir? This is more complicated than it may seem, because to make can be translated into French in a number of ways. These two verbs are the most common and each has rules governing when and how to use them.   General Usage If youre speaking about making something in a very general sense, then you should use  faire. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Je fais un gà ¢teau  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im making a cake  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fais ton lit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Make your bed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a fait une erreur  Ã‚  Ã‚  He made a mistake The same rule applies when implying causality:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cela  ma  fait  penser  Ã‚  Ã‚  That made me think  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il me  fait  faire  la  vaisselle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hes making me do the dishesTo make in the sense of producing something is fabriquer, while in the sense of building its construire. To talk about forcing someone to do something (e.g., Make me!), use obliger or forcer. Special Cases Things get a little more complicated if you are describing how something makes you feel. In these cases, you should use  faire when its followed by a noun in French, and rendre when its followed by an adjective. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cela me fait mal  Ã‚  Ã‚  That makes me feel pain. That hurts (me).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu me fais honte !  Ã‚  Ã‚  You make me feel so ashamed!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cette pensà ©e fait peur  Ã‚  Ã‚  That thought makes me scared. Its a frightening thought.      Cela me rend heureux  Ã‚  Ã‚  That makes me happy.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Le poisson ma rendu malade  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fish made me sick.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest te rendre fou  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its enough to make/drive you crazy. There are some exceptions, of course. For the following nouns, you need to use the verb donner:      donner soif quelquun  Ã‚  Ã‚  to make someone thirsty  Ã‚  Ã‚  donner faim quelquun  Ã‚  Ã‚  to make someone hungry  Ã‚  Ã‚  donner froid quelquun  Ã‚  Ã‚  to make someone (feel) cold  Ã‚  Ã‚  donner chaud quelquun  Ã‚  Ã‚  to make someone (feel) hotBecause all of the above are adjectives in English, you might have a little trouble deciding if the French word is a noun or an adjective. The solution is to think about which French verb it needs to mean to be. Nouns need avoir (avoir mal, avoir soif) while adjectives need à ªtre (à ªtre heureux, à ªtre malade). Other Verbs Many expressions that include to make in English are translated by completely different verbs in French: to make angry fcher to make an appointment donner/prendre rendez-vous to make believe (pretend) faire semblant to make a decision prendre une dcision to make do se dbrouiller to make friends/enemies se faire des amis/ennemis to make the grade y arriver to make (someone) late mettre quelquun en retard to make a meal prparer un rpas to make money gagner de largent to make sure sassurer, vrifier to make tired fatiguer to make up (invent) inventer, fabriquer(after a fight) se rconcilier(with cosmetics) se maquiller

A Bright New Boise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Bright New Boise - Essay Example The play’s main character is Will, a staunch believer in Christian dogma. He interprets each word in the Christian Bibles as the literal truth and, therefore, believes that there will be â€Å"rapture† and God will come to redeem His people while the non-believers will be left to suffer. The play’s title suggests that, Boise, which is the capital city of Idaho, is bound to be a renewed and better place after the rapture that Will anticipates. This title also draws one’s attention to this fundamentalist belief of a future utopia, where there will no longer be any form of suffering. The dramatist and the director of â€Å"A Bright New Boise† settled for a suitable time to show people’s yearning for a better life and shift toward religious beliefs in the event of problems. This is because; the modern American society is presently characterized by numerous difficulties, especially economically, forcing many to believe the possibility of intervent ion or redemption by a higher deity. Hunter’s play shows how people’s beliefs vary and how we all seek refuge in diverse ideas about life in order to cope with hardships and tedium of life. Discussion During the introduction of the play, one is able to learn that the title’s connection to Idaho is due to Hunter’s background as a resident of the state. This perhaps gives the dramatist adequate knowledge about beliefs of Christian fundamentalists. The play begins just as the main character, Will, is hired in a Hobby Lobby store that deals with crafts and other works of art. Will, a middle-aged man who seems soft-spoken in nature, has left his home following a scandal that implicated his fundamentalist church. He has come to the Hobby Lobby store not only to escape his past, but also to try and regain a connection with his adolescent son Alex. Will apparently gave up baby Alex to adoptive parents and wants to reconnect with him before the rapture takes place . Tom Ross includes other characters like Pauline, the store’s manager; Leroy, a worker and Alex’s brother, as well as, Anna, another worker, to build themes portrayed by the play. The play, which adopts  a comic, yet somewhat dark nature, gives insight into family, religious faith, as well as, the significance of establishing connections with others. The play is set in the break room of a Hobby Lobby store. The room is painted with dull colors, like a dull shade of blue for the door and gray for the floors, lockers and walls. The tables are white with grayish supports, while the chairs are brown with legs similar to the tables. The hard edges of the rectangular door and window further accentuate the stereotype of discomfort and unaccommodating nature of modern corporate workplaces. This stereotype is also fostered by the harsh instructions and commands unleashed by the store’s manager. Ross also manages to incorporate other features of a contemporary workplac e like employees’ lockers and a working coffee maker. Further, the employees wear blue vests and badges on their chests, to signify their affiliation to the store. These elements emphasize the mundane or routinely nature of work, in America’s blue collar job environment. The break room at the Hobby Lobby is also lit by fluorescent lights that produce a harsh and irritating light. The television in the room does not play its purpose of relaxing the employees because of its white light and equally irritating noise. On the other side of the stage is an empty highway with big streetlights. As the play progresses, the audience hears loud traffic noises characteristic of a highway during late hours of the night. These features further emphasize the uncomfortable nature of the work environment and the long hours they have to

Non-verbal Communication in Human Interaction Essay

Non-verbal Communication in Human Interaction - Essay Example The first example of dyadic interaction involves an American man and an American woman having late lunch in a posh Italian restaurant. It was around 1:30 in a hot and sunny afternoon. The woman, who is in her late twenties, was in semi-business attire with the blazer taken off, her hair freely hanging past her shoulders, and with an obviously well-cared for skin probably by a dermatologist. She appeared to be a regular working-class woman, with perhaps extra funds for regular visits to a dermatologist. She was not wearing any jewelry aside from the dress watch on her left wrist. The man, also in a business suit, was in his late sixties. His hair was exquisitely slicked back and his jewelry spoke of wealth. He was driving a latest edition, bottle-green Jaguar before he came inside the restaurant. The woman arrived a few minutes before him in a cab. The man, unlike the woman, kept the blazer of his suit on. It seems that he seldom walks out in the streets and probably just stays in his well air-conditioned office since the hot weather did not appear to affect him. They immediately ordered food. While the two were talking, they smile constantly at each other, and their gazes are intent on one another. While talking, they both lean toward each other every now and then. The man appeared relaxed, hands openly gesturing every once in a while talking. He constantly touched and held the woman's hand all throughout the interaction. However, he appeared to swallow more than usual and his Adam's apple had a conspicuous up-and-down motion. The woman, on the other hand, though smiling constantly, apparently appeared tense, and blinked more than normal and her eyes darted around her every now and then. The posture is rigid and she crosses and uncrosses her legs frequently. What can be deduced here is that the two persons obviously like each other, and the conversation they are having is pleasant. The signs of constant smiling, mutual eye contact, touching, and leaning toward each other denote "like". However, there are obvious signs of stress and anxiety like the frequent movement of t he man's Adam's apple and the woman's rigid posture and eye movements (Mehrabian, 1971). Status or Potency The woman's rigid posture and the constant lowering of her head denote a submissive attitude. Her slight hand movements whenever she talked also signify the same. On the other hand, the man's open arm gestures, upward head movements, and erect posture signify dominance (Mehrabian & Hines, 1978). It can also be observed that the man controlled a bigger part of the conversation since it was observed that he did most of the talking while the woman listened, and gave animated reactions to whatever the man said. The intent gaze the man gave the woman every now and then was given a more submissive reaction by the woman --- a slight smile with a lowering of the head (Mehrabian, 1971). Non-verbal Communication 4 Responsiveness The quick hand gestures and head movements of both the man

The Analysis of the Escape by W.S. Maugham Essay Example for Free

The Analysis of the Escape by W.S. Maugham Essay What we call a Chicago accent is actually called the Inland North American dialect. This encompasses the major cities around the Great Lakes. The dialect used to be considered the standard American accent until the region experienced a vowel shift, now called the North Cities Vowel Shift. Who Speaks the Chicago Dialect? Or rather, who doesnt? The answer, of course, is African Americans in the Chicago region, who have their own (and infinitely more interesting) dialect. Though this may be obvious. African Americans are the largest population group in Chicago, and it would be irresponsible to overlook the fact that the Chicago dialect is not used by the largest sector of the citys population. The most salient feature of the Chicago dialect is that it is undergoing the Northern Cities Vowel Shift. This is most noticeable in words with the /ae/ vowel, which gets raised so that its close to /e/. Thus, bad sounds a bit like bed, or, beead. Another notable aspect of this vowel shift is that /o/ is fronted so that it is closer to /ah/. So hot sounds a lttle like hat. As an ongoing change, it is more prevalent and more pronounced among young people, middle-class people, and females, but it is quite widespread. nearly all white Chicagoans exhibit this vowel shift, at least to some extent. A more local vowel development is a monophthongization of /ow/ to /oh/, so that south becomes soth and down becomes don. This is more conservative and less widespread. Also we can notice that when a vowel sound moves into another vowel’s territory, the result may be a merger —as when the sound of caught comes to be pronounced with the tongue in the same region of the mouth as for cot. In a different pattern, the movement of one vowel spurs a reactive movement in a neighboring vowel. As with strangers in an elevator, one vowel shifts to keep its distance when another enters the space. These coordinated movements are heard in the Northern Cities Shift, which affects six different vowels, those appearing in caught, cot, cat, bit, bet and but. In this change, caught takes on a vowel similar to that originally used for cot. The cot vowel also shifts, becoming more like the vowel of cat. The vowel of cat takes a position closer to that ordinarily heard with bit and sometimes sounds like the â€Å"ea† in idea. Words like bit are pronounced with a vowel nearer to bet or even but whereas bet words have a vowel similar to that in cat or but, and the vowel but words comes to sound more like that of caught. When these changes are plotted according to the positioning of the tongue, the connections among them are clear and the shift resembles a clockwise rotation of the vowels in the mouth. The Northern Cities Shift: These guide words are positioned to represent where in the mouth the tongue is placed for those vowel sounds. The arrows indicate the directions of change affecting the sounds. Consonants The stereotype about Chicagoans is that they say dis instead of this, but thats not entirely accurate. The real pronunciation is somewhere in between. To approximate it, first pronounce /th/ the standard way, with the tip of your tongue between your teeth. Then, keeping your teeth apart, move the tip of your tongue to the back of your teeth. Thats the typical Chicago /th/. Contrast it with /d/, which is made with the teeth closed, and the tongue against the roof of the mouth. This is a conservative trait, and is more common among older people, working class people, and males. The unvoiced equivalent, that is, the /th/ of in the word thick is even more conservative. Vocabulary Chicago vocabulary is fairly unremarkable. As a cosmopolitan place, the vocabulary is more generalized than in rural areas, so that Chicagoans are at least familiar with words that were formerly used by dialectologists as markers of Southern dialect or Midland that is, the dialect in between Northern and Southern. Nevertheless, there are a few localisms which are worth mentioning: What other people call rubbernecking, Chicagoans call gaping thus an accident on the side of the road can cause a gapers delay or gapers block. Also, Chicagoans are more likely to use the term gym shoes. Grammar In Chicago, like in other American cities that had lots of German-speaking immigrants, with can be used more frequently as a verbal complement. Thus, while most Americans might say come with, Chicagoans can also say take with and have with. Consider the following bit of dialogue from Chicagoan David Mamets play American Buffalo,: Donny: (Talking about a gun) I dont want it with. Teach: Well, I want it with. In the 1996 film version, Donnys line sounds fine when delivered by Chicagoan Dennis Franz, but Angeleno Dustin Hoffman has trouble making Teachs line sound natural; hes clearly uncomfortable saying it.

Avatar Essay -- Film Review

Myths are supernatural or religious tales with cultural and historical backgrounds, often containing moral lessons that are valued by the culture they originated from. The movie Avatar is a modern myth, its popularity stemming from the inspiration it draws from familiar and widespread themes found in classical myths. Avatar reuses and refreshes these themes for current audiences. Ancient stories such as those of Icarus, Prometheus, Gilgamesh, and Hercules, as well as contemporary issues, represent many of the same themes that are revealed in Avatar. Avatar is the story of Jake Sully, a paraplegic marine that is sent to the world Pandora to take the place of his dead-brother's job as a Na’vi avatar pilot. The humans on Pandora use these avatars to communicate with the Na’vi and try to convince them to leave the Hometree, which is the pillar of life for the Na’vi; the humans want this so they can mine the element â€Å"unobtanium† the majority of which is located under Hometree. Jake initially pilots the avatar to achieve the military objectives that he is given, but over the course of the movie becomes initiated into the Na’vi culture through Neytiri and begins to disregard his orders. When the military commander finds out of Jake’s treason he gives the order to destroy Hometree and Jake is forced to reveal to the Na'vi his true intentions for piloting the avatar. This results in Jake being cast out of both the Na’vi and human societies. The humans then destroy the Hometree and man y of the Na’vi, Jake realizes that it is up to him to save the rest of the Na’vi and leads the resistance. To regain the trust of the Na’vi, Jake tames a Toruk, the most feared predator on Pandora. Through Jake’s leadership the Na’vi push back the humans and... ...is often seen as an invasion since many cities and innocent lives have been destroyed through this process. The outcome of this war is still being determined but based on the patterns of politics portrayed classical myths and Avatar it is clear that both sides will be greatly affected by the conflict. Avatar has been mocked as being highly derivative of other films and stories, but that merely shows how deep these same themes run in human psyche. Even in ancient times, the legends and tales contained similar issues and their heroes went through similar trials, showing just how important these things are to us as a race. The anxiety of doing too much and becoming too powerful is as widespread today as it was thousands of years ago. No matter the consequences we may face, humans will always try to reach just a little higher, and try to gain just a little more power.

Gender Roles in Latin America Essay

With only 10 percent of people claiming themselves to be natives, Latin America is considered as one of the most diverse regions in the world. Due to this ethnic and racial diversity, tracing the roots of gender issues by associating with a single group or factor might not reveal the truth. However, some objective factors like lower pay scales for women and labour force participation provide considerable objectivity to reckon the area in terms of gender issues (De Ferranti 77&78). Chile represents a variant region of Latin America which has gone through multiple phases in terms of gender roles and position. The period of coup d’etat against President Salvador Allende in the country is also considered as a time of human rights era (Cleary 1). In this context, women faced dual exploitation – first as Chilean natives and then as suppressed part of the society. The military take over resulted in some of the most gruesome tortures against women thereby becoming a primary reason of insurrection in the later period. However, this insurrection was partly related to the exiles of thousands of women from Chile who during the time of exile actively participated in bringing a paradigm shift. Rapid Industrialization and economic development in 1940s at one hand opened vistas for Latin American women by proving job opportunities, but the same phenomenon also served to debilitate their status and power. According to Julio Ceasar Pino, the economic development led to entrance in professional field but with a limitation to enter the corporate level thereby making them considered as futile presence (1). The letters of Marjorie Agosin and Emma Sepulveda in 1960s provide a firsthand view of gender roles in Latin America during the concerned times. Coupled with stringent orthodoxy, the society portrayed in the letters is one that defines a fine line as to what was expected of women in the twentieth century. The chronicles portray that makeup was considered to besmirch the purity of women, their obligations coalesced with child birth and development, their duty to be in the kitchen to cook at parties even with servants were present and where in families men always won (1-14). Behind the shift from stark gender roles division to the acceptance of women in economy, politics and society, there lies a strong role of women movements emerging in the late twentieth century. Today, Latin American women have seats in governmental offices and have Ministries (De Ferranti 81). However, for the share of changing roles that women in Latin America enjoy today is due to a far greater oppression of the gender in past that has led to a slow, but ongoing process of amelioration. Works Cited Agosin, Marjorie, and Emma Sepulveda. Amigas : Letters of Friendship and Exile. US: Texas Press, 2001. Cleary, Edward L. The Struggle for Human Rights in Latin America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 1997 De Ferranti, David M. , Guillermo E. , and Francisco Ferreira. Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean : Breaking with History? Washington, D. C: World Bank Publications, 2004 Pino, Julio Cesar. â€Å"Teaching about Women and Underdevelopment in Latin American History. † History Teacher 34. 3 (01 May 2001): 353-360. ERIC. EBSCO. Capella University. US. 10 May 2009 .

My use of ICT – iPod (personal)

My iPOD is a 20GB white iPOD. Me and my brother bought it about a year and a half ago to share between us. We decided to get that particular model of iPOD because, although it wasn't cheap, it had a very large memory so that meant we could store both of our music on it as we like very different music. To load the songs onto the iPOD you have to have a computer. With the iPOD comes a program to go on your computer called iTUNES. You load the songs onto this program via the disk drive on your computer. Then you connect up the iPOD to the computer and the iPOD automatically begins to download the songs onto it. Describe how the ICT is being used I use the iPOD mostly to listen to music, tell the time, and occasionally play games when I am extremely bored. My brother uses the iPOD for the same reasons although he likes to play the games on it more than me. I like listening to music, I often listen to it while on my paper round every morning. I have found it invaluable on long journeys, with me and my brother stuck in a car together for many hours. For the occasion when both me and my brother want to listen to at the same time we bought a splitter and an extra pair of headphones. So in that way we listen to music together. We can also, which is very useful too, plug it into the sound system in the car so the whole family can listen. I don't just use my iPOD to store music on though. Because my iPOD has a huge memory I can put on story tapes like the Harry Potter CD's. So we can listen to them in the car as well. I use the iPOD to occasionally tell the time too, it's clock has been useful on several occasions when I haven't had my phone with me. The advantages of using this technology I really like the iPOD. It is a clever design and has many advantages. Firstly, it can be used in so many different ways, plugged into headphones, into the computer speakers, into CD player speakers, into car speakers, it's so easy! In this way it has encouraged the use of more music. Music relaxes many but gives them the freedom of listening to what you want, when you want. I find it useful on the airplane too as its so small and portable. It has a huge memory too so there is a very high limit to the number songs it holds, something like 5,000. Unlike the CD player, it rarely jogs. This is useful in general. However, having a hard disk, it can be damaged by shaking. The disadvantages of using this technology To transfer music onto the iPOD you have to have a computer. If someone doesn't have a computer, the iPOD is pretty useless. We do have a computer, but it is quite heavily used so I find it hard to find enough time for it to sit there and upload music onto it. I think the iPOD also can encourage illegal copying of music. The majority of music recorded on iPOD's are in breach of copyright laws. I personally try not to do this, as the music companies will end up loosing money. However it is very hard to feel sympathetic towards them when you here about them ripping off all these small, new, defenseless bands. I do feel that I could be breaking copyright laws, but I really don't know exactly what constitutes breaking the copyright. I know that you aren't meant to copy CD's between friends but what about if me and my brother have paid half and half for a CD? Are we only allowed to put it on one iPOD? Since I am not sure of the finer points of copyright, I don't really worry that much if I break it. Another bad point of the iPOD is that listening to very loud music played directly into your ears can damage them. I have been told off by my mum many times for playing music too loudly. Because people are listening to music they are not so aware of their surroundings so people are more likely to walk out in front of cars or get mugged. Music that is bought on iTunes cannot be used on any other MP3 players and vice-versa. iPOD's are also iconic. Many people, including me, think of iPOD's to be the main MP3 player this makes them very expensive. The other is that iPOD's get old very quickly. The makers keep bringing out new versions with added things. For example, as soon as we got ours, they brought out the same one with the ability to play videos for the same price. This is annoying but good business for the makers as they make money from us as we keep buying newer versions of their products. If I lived in a time without iPOD's I would have to play my music on a CD player or even on tapes. The tapes get chewed up and CD players just aren't as portable. So in summary, I think that although there are many disadvantages of the iPOD, the advantages out-weigh them. Having an iPOD, or any kind of portable MP3 player gives you freedom and more choice when and what to listen to.

pfizer essays

pfizer essays Competitive Advantage is the condition that enables a company to operate in a more efficient or in a higher-quality manner than the companies that it competes with, which results in benefits to that specific company. This is usually achieved by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and services that justify for higher prices. One of the key strategies in achieving a competitive advantage is product differentiation. Product differentiation is the idea that certain features make one product appear different from competing products in the same market. Pfizer achieves this strategy through brand loyalty and advertising. Pfizer is a very well respected company; which makes them strongly trusted amongst their consumers. The way Pfizer achieves this trust is through their advertising and brand loyalty. Advertising and brand loyalty are very important in the pharmaceutical market due to the large interchangeability of its products. This basically means that there are a lot of products out there, in the Pharmaceutical industry, which are close substitutes to that of Pfizers and other companies. One way of avoiding such interchangeability is with the use of patents. A patent grants sole rights of a particular product to a specific company, making it illegal for other companies to make similar substitutable products. (www.pfizer.com) On the other hand Pfizer also competes with firms when there are no patents on their products. This is where Pfizers prestigious brand name and loyalty come into play. As earlier mentioned, many consumers trust Pfizer and its products to have a higher quality than any other pharmaceutical company. So when they need to purchase these products they look for the brand they can trust, Pfizer! The reason Pfizer is such a well-trusted company again comes from their advertising. Pfizer prides itself on its advert ...

Why was it is necessary to replace GATT 1947 what are the main Essay

Why was it is necessary to replace GATT 1947 what are the main differences between GATT 1947 and the WTO Do you think that the - Essay Example .................................................................... 5 Interim Commission for the International Trade Organisation (1947-1994).......5 Review Session (1950s)....................................................................................... 6 European Economic Community (EEC) (1957).................................................. 6 Multifibre Arrangements (MFA-I through MFA-IV).......................................... 6 The Uruguay Round (1993-1994)....................................................................... 8 Multilateral Investment Agreement (MIA) (1996)............................................... 9 U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Economy .............................................................. 9 Dispute Settlement Body (DSB)............................................................................10 WTO’s Articles III and IV.....................................................................................10 Converting GATT 1947 to WTO Introduction The GATT was formed by states with a decisive idea of the co-operation that was required to promote economic development and modernisation. Even though the idea required an International Trade Organisation (ITO), the GATT was also able to achieve the goals of the original participants.1 It was, to a certain extent, efficient trade-liberalising machinery. The removal of QRs by developed nations in the aftermath of World War II was confined under its control, and excise taxes were cut down considerably.2 Barriers to trade, as of the 1970s, in the form of quotas and tariffs had weakened radically in value3, and governments were beset by the trade-misleading features of other economic strategies. The first five decades of GATT’s existence has a close resemblance to a product’s lifecycle. In the beginning market growth is sluggish, as the public become used to it. This is pursued by a phase of drastic improvement of market productivity and share as the pro duct launches.4 In the developed or third phase, growth stabilises but profits remain elevated. In the last stage profits start to drop. Core marketing theory informs us that by the third phase a company had to create a new product in order to thrive and survive.5 In the case of GATT, the stages of take off and maturity took place in the 1950s and the 1960s.6 This was the time when the greatest development was accomplished in terms of trade liberalisation. The demand for the products of GATT had stabilised by the 1970s.7 An effort was made to branch out into new markets by moving to non-tariff barriers (NTB), but this move was not quite productive. Indecisive strategies were implemented to deal with trade-related national regulations, but development was sluggish.8 The GATT-1947, with the formation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), was converted into an organisation, and its expanse was considerably enlarged.9 Hence, the important issues to be addressed here are: (1) why was it necessary to replace GATT 1947? (2) What are the main differences between GATT 1947 and the WTO? (3) Is WTO an improvement, if so, why? In addressing these issues it is helpful to analyse briefly several of the major developments that took place in the world economy in the twentieth century. From GATT 1947 to WTO GATT was not officially a global organisation, specifically, an official unit in its own right. GATT is an inter-governmental agreement. Hence, GATT had contracting participants rather than member states.10 This transformed with the formation of an international organisation that governs multilateral contracts concerning trade in goods, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPs), and trade in services (GATS): the WTO.11 The different treaties governed by the WTO are between customs territories

Perceived Leader Integrity Scale Personal Statement

Perceived Leader Integrity Scale - Personal Statement Example As per the results, I will judge the personality of my supervisor by comparing the results with the actual personality of my supervisor. In comparison, I will state whether I agree with the results or not. In the end, I will state couple of examples to prove accuracy of my findings. We all know that Perceived Leadership Integrity Scale is used to measure the ethical status of any person as well as it is an assessment of any one for his or her leadership qualities. We can judge on the basis of this scale score that whether the person is eligible for the leadership post or not. Similarly, I have completed the integrity scale for my supervisor and I am not surprised with the results I got from it, since, my supervisor is a truly kind and honest person. I am pleased to state that I got a score of 32 for my supervisor that will never be surprising to anyone who knows him closely. Now I would like to give couple of examples to support my assessment regarding my supervisor. I still remember the day when I came to this institute as a newbie. My supervisor was the first person with whom I met that day. Very politely, he gave me many advices that I couldn’t forget for my whole life. He advised me to be honest not only for being a student but for my whole life. He made me realize the importance of truth and honesty in anyone’s life. When someone is teaching about honesty and loyalty then how come he is a liar himself? That’s why I more than believe that my supervisor is highly ethical and deserves 32 score. Another example of the high ethics of my supervisor is, one day I was late for my class and I had to pay the fine amount for getting late. On that day I forgot to get my money because I was already late for the institute. I let him know the entire story and the reason for my delay to the class. Though he possess soft corner for everyone but that doesn’t mean that he bends rules as per his needs. He didn’t ask me to omit the fine but very